Video of 19th Centuery Images

This video shows images in the 19th century and talks about the types of different photography. All of the photography is taken place in the United States and shows how the photos have evolved over the years. This video talks about the inventors that have made photography possible today.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PFyZj7Z--rw

William Talbot

William Henry Fox Talbot was born in February of 1800 and died in September of 1877. William was very smart but lacked the ability to draw causing him to try a mechanical method of capturing and retaining an image. Talbot describes how he was able to take his pictures, ”Not having with me... a camera obscura of any considerable size, I constructed one out of a large box, the image being thrown upon one end of it by a good object-glass fixed at the opposite end. The apparatus being armed with a sensitive paper, was taken out in a summer afternoon, and placed about one hundred yards from a building favorably illuminated by the sun. An or so afterwards I opened the box and I found depicted upon the paper a very distinct representation of the building, with the exception of those parts of it which lay in the shade. A little experience in this branch of the art showed me that with a smaller camera obscura the effect would be produced in a smaller time. Accordingly I had several small boxes made, in which I fixed lenses of shorter focus, and with these I obtained very perfect, but extremely small pictures..."( http://www.rleggat.com/photohistory/history/talbot.htm). The “little boxes” were about two to three inches. In 1839 he announced the discovery at the Royal Institution of a method of “photogenic drawing”.
"A History of Photography, by Robert Leggat: TALBOT, William Henry Fox." Some of the sites managed by Robert Leggat. Web. 07 Dec. 2009. .

Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre

Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre’s life spanned from November 1787 to July 1851. When he was young he had jobs as an apprentice architect, an assistant stage designer in a Paris theatre, supplying the scenic and lighting effects for several opera , and he developed an illusions theatre that he called Diorama; which was a picture show with changing light effects and huge paintings of famous places. His Dioramas were big hits in the 1920’s. He used a camera obscura to help him paint in perspective which brought him to his interest in freezing the image. In January of 1829 he joined a partnership with Nicephore Niépce. After the death of Nicephore Niépce four years later, Louis made an accidental discovery. “He put an exposed plate in his chemical cupboard, and some days later, to his surprise, that the latent image had developed. Daguerre eventually concluded that this was do to the presence of mercury vapour from a broken thermometer” (http://www.rleggat.com/photohistory/history/daguerr.htm). The discovery of a developed latent image made it possible to reduce the exposure time from about eight hours to thirty minutes. He was later able to fix the images in 1837 through a process called Daguerreotype.
"A History of Photography, by Robert Leggat: DAGUERRE, Louis Jacques Mande." Some of the sites managed by Robert Leggat. Web. 07 Dec. 2009. .

Alexander Wolcott was the inventor of the first patented photographic in 1840. It is called a daguerreotype camera that has a concave reflector and was the first to patent in America. “His invention made it possible for candid photos to be taken and not fade away with time. Mr. Wolocott also has the distinction of opening the earliest photography shop (known as a daguerran parlor) in New York” (http://photography.lovetoknow.com/First_Camera_Invented). Daguerrotyoes are photos created using a certian method of coating a copper plate with silver, then treating it with iodine vapor. The process then creates a plate that is sensitive to light and after the photo is taken, exposing to to mercury vapor and ordinary table salt developed the image. Alexander Wolcott also had the very first studio and exhibition of his art.
"An Evening with Tim Wolcott (11/19)." PIX Feed LA. Web. 07 Dec. 2009. .
"First Camera Invented - LoveToKnow Photography." Photography tips Camera instructions. Web. 07 Dec. 2009. .
"HistoryWired: A few of our favorite things." HistoryWired: A few of our favorite things. Web. 07 Dec. 2009. .

Joseph Nicephore Niepce produced the first image ever created. He produced this image in June-July of 1827. He had to find a way of getting images which he called Heliographs. “Heliographs were a simple but highly effective instrument for instantaneous optical communication over fifty miles or more in the 19th century” (http://www.dself.dsl.pipex.com/MUSEUM/COMMS/heliograph/heliograph.htm). He began working on his research starting in 1814. That same year he traveled to England thinking it would be better to promote his invention to the Royal Society. Because his invention had an “undisclosed secret” (http://www.geog.ucsb.edu/~jeff/115a/history/niepce.html), the Heliograph they would not make his invention public. After that he returned to France and partnered up with Louis Daguerre in 1829. Joseph Nicephore Niepce was a devoted enthusiast of the new art of lithography. He studied Alois Senefelder who was a pioneering lithographer. Joseph tried to make the lithograph process better by adding tin plates. Joseph couldn’t draw and had his son do all the drawing for him, when his son was drafted for the war he was left without a hope of drawing. He then heard of photochemical drawing and focused on silver salts. During the next decade he struggled to fix an early form of photolithography. The research that followed drained his funds, but he ended up being able to fix images using acid baths. He then made a permanent image in 1822 using a camera obscura. “After exposing coated pewter plates to a camera image, he used the vapors from heated iodine crystals to darken the silver and heighten contrast. The method would inspire Louis Daguerre's highly successful mercury vapor development process” (http://www.geog.ucsb.edu/~jeff/115a/history/niepce.html). In the future the two men would be partners in inventing.

"Heliographs." The Douglas Self Site. Web. 07 Dec. 2009. .
"Joseph Nicephore Niepce." UC Santa Barbara Geography. Web. 07 Dec. 2009. .

Works Cited for InfoTrac database

Bernstein, Gary. "Always in Fashion.(fashion photography)(Brief Article)." Petersen's Photographic (1999): 14. InfoTrac. Web. 3 Dec. 2009. http://http://find.galegroup.com/gps/retrieve.do?contentSet=IAC-Documents&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&qrySerId=Locale%28en%2C%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28KE%2CNone%2C28%29Photography+through+the+ages%24&sgHitCountType=None&inPS=true&sort=DateDescend&searchType=BasicSearchForm&tabID=T003&prodId=IPS&searchId=R2&currentPosition=2&userGroupName=mlin_n_merhs&docId=A56640241&docType=IAC&contentSet=IAC-Documents.

Schwartzchild, Edward. "From physionotrace to the kinematoscope: visual technology and the preservation of the Peale family.(American artist/inventor Charles Willson Peale)." The Yale Journal of Criticism (1999): 57. InfoTrac. Web. 3 Dec. 2009. http://find.galegroup.com/gps/retrieve.do?contentSet=IAC-Documents&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&qrySerId=Locale%28en%2C%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28K0%2CNone%2C24%2918th+century+photography%24&sgHitCountType=None&inPS=true&sort=DateDescend&searchType=BasicSearchForm&tabID=T002&prodId=IPS&searchId=R4&currentPosition=4&userGroupName=mlin_n_merhs&docId=A59513246&docType=IAC&contentSet=IAC-Documents.

Technological Innovation and Aesthetic Response. Vol. 9. InfoTrac. Web. 3 Dec. 2009. .
Whitmire, Vi. "Joseph Nicephore Niepce 1765-1833. (inventor of the method to fix a photograph image)." PSA Journal (1992): 13. InfoTrac. Web. 3 Dec. 2009. .

E Books Bibliography-- the server of the database has an error and wouldn't let me find anything at all

The Focal Encyclopedia of Photography. Elsevier Inc., 2007. Print.

Bibliography of School library books

Adams, Ansel, and John Muir. America's wilderness : the photographs of Ansel Adams with the writings of John Muir / [edited by Elaine M. Bucher]. Philadelphia: Courage Books, 2002. Print.

The art of photography / by the editors of Time-Life Books. New York: S.n., 1971. Print.

The camera / by the editors of Time-Life Books. New York: Time-Lief Books, 1970. Print.

Color. New York: S.n., 1970. Print.

Faber, Doris, and Harold Faber. American heroes of the 20th century / by Harold and Doris Faber. Illustrated with photos. New York: Random House, 1967. Print.

Frontiers of photography / by the editors of Time-Life Books. New York: S.n., 1972. Print.

Frontiers of photography / by the editors of Time-Life Books. New York: S.n., 1972. Print.

The great themes / [compiled] by the editors of Time-Life Books. New York: S.n., 1970. Print.

James, Bradley,. Flags of our fathers. New York: Bantam Books, 2000. Print.

Bibliography of School Library books

Adams, Ansel, and John Muir. America's wilderness : the photographs of Ansel Adams with the writings of John Muir / [edited by Elaine M. Bucher]. Philadelphia: Courage Books, 2002. Print.
The art of photography / by the editors of Time-Life Books. New York: S.n., 1971. Print.
The camera / by the editors of Time-Life Books. New York: Time-Lief Books, 1970. Print.
Color. New York: S.n., 1970. Print.
Faber, Doris, and Harold Faber. American heroes of the 20th century / by Harold and Doris Faber. Illustrated with photos. New York: Random House, 1967. Print.
Frontiers of photography / by the editors of Time-Life Books. New York: S.n., 1972. Print.
Frontiers of photography / by the editors of Time-Life Books. New York: S.n., 1972. Print.
The great themes / [compiled] by the editors of Time-Life Books. New York: S.n., 1970. Print.
James, Bradley,. Flags of our fathers. New York: Bantam Books, 2000. Print.

http://www.tfaoi.com/articles/subjects/19photo.htm

I chose American photography in the nineteenth century as the subject of my research project. Photography is something I'm interested in and will be willing to learn about for the duration of the project. Looking at how photography has changed over time, different techniques etc. The use of photography has changed the way that we think of people in the past, if we have a picture of them verses imagining them from a description. Photography has evolved and has improved over time. The cameras themselves have changed hugely over the years. The actual method of developing the photograph has evolved, the quality of the photograph has improved, and over we now have more methods to choose from while taking our pictures. An example of this is black and white verses color. I am very interested in finding out so much more about this topic and I haven't quite decided on a specific subject within the broad topic of photography. I have been interested in photography ever since i got my first camera at a young age and have taken classes ever since to learn more about it. I am currently in the Photography II class through the school and a part of the National Art Honor Society Club. There is a lot to choose from under my topic for my research paper and I'm eager to learn as much as possible. When it comes down to it, narrowing my decision down to one specific subject will be a hard decision.